2011. №9

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

THERMAL POWER PLANTS

Current research questions slagging properties and slagging of coal boilers

Dr Aleksandr Alekhnovich , Ural Heat Engineering Laboratory

Investigations of coals slagging properties and boilers slagging are continued in demand in spite of great experience and significant advances. It is related with switching of the fuels and introductions of new technologies, such as combustion modifications for NOx reduction, high steam temperatures, oxy-firing and others. There is a need to provide a good furnace design conformity with coal properties, an opportunity to have effect on slagging situation, perfection of monitoring, slag control and surfaces cleaning to minimize the deposition problems in boilers.

Keywords: pulverized coal fired boiler, coal, slagging, slagging properties, furnace design, switch of the fuels, boiler's operating conditions, monitoring, control, surface cleaning

The generalized picture of damage of a flowing part of middle pressure of the turbine K-300-240 LMZ by firm particles from the industrial reheater a copper is states. The schema of a two-phase stream (pairs - solid particles), are defined a direction and zones intensive erosion abrasive deterioration. Conditions of dynamic influence on abrasive stream are formulated. Optimization of the first stage of middle pressure is executed: construction, strength calculations, technology.

Keyword: turbine, MPC, stream, solid particles, deterioration, a flow part, modernization.

The break of the temperature schedule in transition periods of a heating season negatively influences on work of systems of a heat supply. Refusal of a break of the temperature schedule by means of automatic control of operating modes of systems of a heat supply in a transition period will allow to realize considerable potential of power savings. In Ulyanovsk regulation of thermal loading of systems of heating in transition periods of a heating season depending on temperature of external air on a several thermal points of city system of a heat supply is realised. In a heating season of 2008-2009 regulation has allowed to lower thermal energy consumption on different thermal points on 10-40 %. The annual economy from regulation has made more than 30 million rbl. The time of recovery of investments of automatic system of regulation makes less than one heating period. Essential economic effect and small time of recovery of investments serve as sufficient proofs of efficiency of introduction in city system of a heat supply of automatic control of parametres of the heat medium in a transition period of a heating season.

Keywords: regulation, the power savings, the temperature schedule, thermal power station, heat supply systems

Results of operational chemical clearing of heating surfaces with specific sludge on the average 1315,8_g/m2 on fire and 656,2_g/m2 on the back side with use of washing-up liquids

Keywords: boiler, screen pipes, chemical clearing

Vladimir Eskov , Saint Petersburg

The Article is devoted to the analysis of possible reasons for the emergence of cracks in the area points outlets of floodgate pipes drum steam boiler and ways of prevention of this phenomenon

Keywords: drum steam boiler, fitting water-outlet pipes, fitting steam-outlet pipes, speed up, speed cooling, heat stroke, heat transfer coefficient, blowing out of superheater.

The description of the simulator simulating the operating conditions water treatment plant created with the key membrane technologies (ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis), and related support systems. Work on the simulator allows to develop the necessary operational skills and provide quality training for operational staff.

Keywords: water treatment, power station, trainer, training

POWER SYSTEMS AND ELECTRIC NETWORKS

Asynchronized machines as a means of emergency control and frequency regulation in power systems

This article shows the possibility of use as emergency control and fast regulation of active power by means of asynchronized machines (ASM), working with a variable rotor speed. The questions about the use of ASM for improving control of active power and frequency quality, as well as the dynamic performance of power systems was considered.

Keywords: asynchronized machine, vector control, emergency control, frequency control.

Building a modern microprocessor-based protection platform Siemens microcontrollers for excitation systems, turbo and hydro generators.

Keywords: excitation systems, protection, turbine generator, hydro generator.

In article is considered making the portioned system of the collection and keeping to relay-type information. The System can work with microprocessor device of the different producers. The Proposed system provides the remote data acceptance, carrying and keeping registered осциллограмм.

Keywords: relay-type protection, microprocessor device, relay-type terminal, concentrator.

Ph.D Evgenii Nikiforov , JSC «R&D Centre for Power Engineering»

The equations for calculation current loadings and temperatures of heating of heat-resistant wires proceeding from a condition of observance of arrows of wires deflection and dimensions «a wire - the earth - crossed object» according to requirements existing «Rules for power installations» are offered.

Keywords: high voltage transmission line, heat-resistant wires, current loadings, heating of wires.

EQUIPMENT OF POWER STATIONS AND SUBSTATIONS

The turbo-generators diagnostic system based on the gas humidity

The presented is the diagnostic system of emergency conditions in powerful water-cooled turbo-generators. The high accuracy and reliability of the measurements have been achieved by using the differential method of measurement and by accounting the characteristics of the generators. The prototypes of the system have been successfully implemented at the Ryazan water-power plant.

Keywords: energy safety, diagnostic systems, hygrometers, differential method of measurement

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